Syllabus , ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, R13 Regulation, Btech , JNTUK,Syllabus, download,
Multidisciplinary nature of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope and Importance –Sustainability: Stockholm and Rio Summit–Global Environmental Challenges: Global warming and climate change, acid rains, ozone layer depletion, population growth and explosion, effects. Role of information Technology in Environment and human health.
Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem. - Structure and function of an ecosystem. - Producers, consumers and decomposers. - Energy flow in the ecosystem - Ecological succession. - Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. - Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of Forest ecosystem, Grassland ecosystem, Desert ecosystem, Aquatic ecosystems.
Natural Resources: Natural resources and associated problems Forest resources – Use and over – exploitation, deforestation – Timber extraction – Mining, dams and other effects on forest and tribal people.
Water resources – Use and over utilization of surface and ground water – Floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams – benefits and problems. Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources.
Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by non-agriculture activities-effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity.
Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources use of alternate energy sources.
Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, Wasteland reclamation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles.
Biodiversity and its conservation: Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity- classification - Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social-Biodiversity at national and local levels. India as a mega-diversity nation - Hot-sports of biodiversity - Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, man-wildlife conflicts. - Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: conservation of biodiversity.
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Nuclear hazards. Role of an individual in prevention of pollution. - Pollution case studies.
Solid Waste Management: Sources, classification, effects and control measures of urban and industrial solid wastes. Consumerism and waste products.
Social Issues and the Environment: Urban problems related to energy - Water conservation, rain water harvesting-Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and concerns. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions. Environmental Protection Act -Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. –Water (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act -Wildlife Protection Act -Forest Conservation Act-Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation. -Public awareness.
Environmental Management: Impact Assessment and its significance various stages of EIA, preparation of EMP and EIS, Environmental audit. Ecotourism.